Each topic is treated from the beginning, without assuming prior knowledge. Each chapter starts with an opening section covering an application. These help students to understand the relevance of the topic: they are motivational and they make the text more accessible to the majority of students. Concept Maps have been added, which together with Summaries throughout, aid understanding of main ideas and connections between topics. Margin points highlight key points, making the text more accessible for learning and revision. Checkpoints in each chapter test students’ understanding and support their private study. A selection of questions are included at the end of each chapter, many form past examination papers. Suggested answers are provided in the Answers Key.